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A Leaderboard That Melts One Partition

A gaming platform stores per-player scores in DynamoDB with PK = "LEADERBOARD", SK = score#player_id to support "top 100 players globally". During a viral event, writes to this table throttle badly even though overall traffic is well within the provisioned capacity.

  1. Explain why this design throttles under load that should be within capacity.
  2. Propose a redesign that keeps a global top-100 query cheap without a single hot partition.
  3. Generalize: what is the underlying rule this design violated?

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